first a few definitions…
The term “Cryo” is a prefix derived from the Greek word “Kryos” which means cold or frost. Cryogenics is the area of science that deals with the study of matter at very low temperatures. A “cryobank” is a facility in which frozen tissue, in this case sperm, is stored.
…and a little bit of history
The interest in storage and preservation of sperm dates back to the 1776 when Lazaro Spallanzani, an Italian priest and physiologist, first reported that sperm became “motionless” when cooled by snow. However, it wasn’t until 1866 that a scientist named Montegazza suggested that “a man dying on the battlefield may beget a legal heir with his semen frozen and stored at home”. Unfortunately, that dream took more than 100 years to be realized.
In the late 1930’s and early 1940’s scientists found that sperm could survive freezing lower than -3210 F (-1600 C). The problem was how to insure survival and function for prolonged periods of time. These problems were overcome by the work of several investigators who found that by using a “syrupy” substance known as glycerol and “slowly” freezing the specimen, not only would the sperm cell be spared injury by the formation of ice crystals inside the cell, but that “function”, as defined by the sperm’s ability to fertilize an egg, could be maintained.
The first human pregnancy with “frozen” sperm was reported in 1953. However, due to the controversy surrounding use of “artificial” insemination, it wasn’t until a decade later, at the 11th International Congress of Genetics in 1963, that this breakthrough was reported and interest in sperm banking began.
Over the last 30 years many improvements in sperm cryobanking have occurred. Storage in liquid nitrogen (-384 F/-196 C) became the standard. Solutions used for sperm preservation have become standardized and commercially available, which has assured consistency in post-thaw survival. Also, computer controlled programmed freezing of specimens has greatly improved post thaw survival and viability of the cryopreserved sperm.
However, the indications for sperm cryobanking have been greatly expanded by recent breakthroughs in assisted reproduction, in which a single sperm…even without movement…can be used to fertilize the oocyte (egg) from the female. Prior to the development of these techniques, millions of sperm were required to fertilize a single oocyte. Now, even men who have few sperm in their ejaculated semen…or even in men with sperm found only in their testes…can have their sperm cryopreserved for use in fertilization of their partner’s oocytes.
• WHO USES A SPERM BANK?
There are many indications for sperm banking…….
When to bank sperm is usually determined by the reason for banking.
A patient acutely ill and in need of urgent therapy needs to bank prior to starting treatment. Chemotherapy, Radiation therapy and Surgery all have the potential of permanently impairing sperm production or the presence of sperm in the ejaculate.
In addition, Chemotherapy and Radiation therapy might alter the DNA of sperm. Therefore, it is usually recommended that 1 to 2 years elapse prior to using fresh sperm for conception. Of course, cryopreserved sperm can be used during this ‘waiting’ period.
Also, since several ejaculated specimens might be obtained, it is suggested that banking begin as soon as the diagnosis is made. This will allow for both collection of several semen specimens as well as to provide for the 2 to 3 day period of abstinence suggested for semen collection.
The process begins with a consultation, at which time your health history is discussed and a physical examination is performed to assess your present and future fertility potential. Blood and urine studies are performed to evaluate for active or occult infection, as may be required by the New York State Department of Health. In addition, a semen analysis and trial of freezing is done to assess sperm survival after cryopreservation.
This evaluation takes approximately one and a half hours of your time and addresses your particular needs for cryopreservation as well as providing sufficient time to answer all questions you might have. Depending on your particular requirements and semen quality, a schedule will then be designed which will include the number and frequency of appointments needed to accomplish your goal.
After the specimen is evaluated it is stored on-site in a secure facility with access control including 24/7 video monitoring. The specimens are stored in liquid nitrogen and does not require electrical power. Therefore, the specimens are unaffected by any power outages that might occur.
The use of cryopreserved sperm, by itself, has little risk to the women being inseminated. However the procedures in which it is used, either intrauterine insemination (IUI) or in-vitro fertilization (IVF), are invasive procedures that have their own well described risks. In addition, the solutions used in preparing sperm for these procedures might result in an allergic reaction or infection. Although, these complications are rare, you should discuss them with your doctor. There are also the risks associated with the age of the women. As a woman (and consequently) her eggs age, there is an increased chance that the fertilized egg will develop normally…whether using frozen or fresh sperm. This is also something that you should discuss with your doctor. Recent studies have found no increase in genetic alterations in cryopreserved sperm when compared to fresh sperm.
All sperm look alike when viewed under a microscope. Therefore, to minimize the possibility that mix-ups in semen specimens occur, we follow rigid labeling, processing and storage procedures established by both the New York State Department of Health and the American Society for Reproductive Medicine.
Cryopreserved sperm have been known to fertilize oocytes and result in pregnancies, after more than ten years of storage. However, there is no way to guarantee that cryopreserved sperm will be able to fertilize an oocyte. By utilizing the highest quality freezing solutions available, computer controlled programming equipment for freezing and maintaining rigidly controlled storage conditions, NYCryo maximizes the duration of sperm survival
Many insurance carriers are covering costs associated with sperm cryopreservation if treatment (e.g., chemotherapy or radiation) can affect sperm production. It is best to check with your insurance carrier for your specific coverage.
Our fees are often less than many comparable facilities. In addition, we offer many options for our patients. Please see the New York Cryo fee schedule .
Yes you can. Please see the NYCryo Online payment
Yes, there are. Many are for children and young adults with cancer. If you know of others please let us know!
LIVESTRONG Fertility Discount Program
2201 E. Sixth Street Austin, Texas 78702
855-220-7777
Livestrong.org
A Mothers Kiss
P.O. Box 23
Copiague, NY 11726
631-254-2965
amotherskiss.org
(Children with cancer only)
Jay’s World Childhood Cancer Foundation
Ralph & Maryann Napolitano
5 Knoll Lane
Glen Head, NY 11545
516-671-7410
jaysworld.org
(Children with Cancer Only)
Lupus Alliance of America, Inc.
Long Island Queens Affiliate
2255 Centre Avenue
Bellmore, NY 11710
516-783-3370 or 800-850-9000 (within NY only)
lupusliqueens.org
Email: info@lupusli.org
If you have any questions please contact us at 516-487-2700 or toll free at 877-7NYCRYO or by email info@nycryo.com
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT TESTOSTERONE SUPPLEMENTATION
BENEFICIAL EFFECTS
What are the benefits of testosterone supplementation?
Testosterone supplementation can help improve symptoms of low testosterone. Treatment might result in increased libido, improved mood, increased muscle mass, and enhanced bone density. It might also improve energy levels and cognitive function.
Can testosterone supplementation improve sexual function?
Yes, for individuals with low testosterone levels, supplementation may enhance libido, sexual arousal, and overall sexual performance.
Does testosterone supplementation increase muscle mass and strength?
Testosterone can aid in building muscle mass and strength, especially when combined with exercise and resistance training.
Are there cognitive benefits to testosterone supplementation?
Some studies suggest that testosterone supplementation might have positive effects on cognitive function, including improved memory and spatial abilities, although more research is needed in this area.
ADVERSE EFFECTS
• What are the potential side effects of testosterone supplementation?
Adverse effects can include acne, hair loss, fluid retention, increased risk of cardiovascular issues, mood swings, and in some cases, it may exacerbate sleep apnea.
• Can testosterone supplementation increase the risk of heart problems?
There's some evidence linking testosterone supplementation to a higher risk of cardiovascular issues like heart attacks and strokes, especially in older men or those with existing heart conditions.
• Does testosterone supplementation affect fertility?
Testosterone supplementation will decrease sperm production, leading to a temporary and possibly permanent decrease in fertility. It's important to discuss fertility concerns with a Urologist specializing in male fertility before starting testosterone supplementation.
• Can testosterone supplementation lead to aggressive behavior?
While some anecdotal evidence suggests mood swings or increased aggression with high doses, the direct link between testosterone supplementation and aggressive behavior remains unclear and varies among individuals.
• Are there risks of long-term testosterone supplementation?
Long-term use of testosterone supplementation might have unknown effects on various organs and systems, including potential risks to prostate health, so ongoing monitoring and evaluation are crucial.
• Can testosterone supplementation cause hormonal imbalances?
Yes, improper use or excessive doses of testosterone can disrupt the body's natural hormone balance, leading to various health issues.
LOW-INTENSITY SHOCKWAVE (ACOUSTIC WAVE) THERAPY (LISWT) FAQ
Common side effects are minimal and transient, including mild redness or bruising at the treatment site. Serious side effects are rare, but it's important to discuss any concerns with a healthcare professional.
Results can vary, but improvement in erectile function may be noticeable after a few weeks following the completion of the treatment course. However, optimal results may take several weeks to months.
LISWT may not be suitable for individuals with certain medical conditions, such as severe vascular disease, patient’s taking blood thinners, patients with implanted pacemakers or defibrillators, or penile abnormalities. It's essential to undergo a thorough evaluation by a Urologist specializing in LISWT to determine candidacy.
The effects of LISWT can be long-lasting, but maintenance treatments might be necessary for sustained benefits, especially in patients with erectile dysfunction, as the underlying causes might require ongoing management.
Coverage for LISWT can vary significantly among insurance providers and regions. It's recommended to check with the insurance company or healthcare provider regarding coverage options and associated costs.
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS ABOUT SEMEN ANALYSIS
1. Should I choose at-home semen analysis or in-office semen analysis?
The preference between at-home semen analysis and in-lab testing is subjective and can vary based on individual circumstances, preferences, and needs. There isn't one best option, as each option has advantages and disadvantages.
At-Home Semen Analysis:
In-Office Semen Analysis:
Ultimately, the choice depends on individual preferences, comfort levels, and the specific circumstances of the individual or couple undergoing the fertility testing. Some individuals may prioritize the convenience and privacy of at-home testing, while others may prefer the assurance of professional guidance, the accuracy of the motility results, and immediate analysis provided by in-lab testing.